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Pediatrics - Angel Kaye

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60 questions

Jun 21, 2025

Types de questions :

Réponse courte

Question 1

What height and weight percentiles indicate a potential endocrine disorder in a child?

Réponse

Below the 3rd percentile or above the 90th percentile.

Question 2

What is a sign of hypocalcemia in a child's mouth?

Réponse

Delayed dentition.

Question 3

What condition is indicated by an enlargement on the anterior neck?

Réponse

Goiter.

Question 4

What is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Réponse

Tachycardia.

Question 5

What is a symptom of diabetes mellitus?

Réponse

Severe weight loss.

Question 6

What symptom is associated with diabetes insipidus?

Réponse

Frequent urination.

Question 7

What hair condition is associated with hypothyroidism?

Réponse

Brittle hair.

Question 8

What facial characteristic is associated with Cushing syndrome?

Réponse

Round face with hair growth.

Question 9

What is a common symptom of diabetes mellitus?

Réponse

Thirst.

Question 10

What skin condition is associated with hyperthyroidism?

Réponse

Cool to touch.

Question 11

What genital growth conditions are associated with endocrine disorders?

Réponse

Excessive growth (adrenogenital syndrome), early growth (precocious puberty), delayed growth (hypopituitarism).

Question 12

What controls the pituitary gland?

Réponse

The hypothalamus.

Question 13

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Réponse

In the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

Question 14

How many hormones does the pituitary gland produce?

Réponse

Eight hormones.

Question 15

What are the lobes of the pituitary gland?

Réponse

Anterior lobe, posterior lobe, intermediate lobe.

Question 16

What is the result of growth hormone deficiency?

Réponse

Short stature but normal proportions.

Question 17

What can cause growth hormone deficiency?

Réponse

Cystic tumors, trauma, or unknown/genetic factors.

Question 18

What usually causes growth hormone excess?

Réponse

Pituitary adenoma.

Question 19

What occurs before growth plates close due to growth hormone excess?

Réponse

Gigantism.

Question 20

What occurs after growth plates close due to growth hormone excess?

Réponse

Acromegaly.

Question 21

What are symptoms of diabetes insipidus?

Réponse

Polyuria, polydipsia, dilute urine.

Question 22

What causes the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?

Réponse

Increased ADH secretion.

Question 23

What are mild symptoms of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?

Réponse

Nausea, weight gain, concentrated urine.

Question 24

What are severe symptoms of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?

Réponse

Seizures, coma due to brain swelling.

Question 25

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Réponse

Front of the neck.

Question 26

What hormones does the thyroid gland control?

Réponse

T4 and T3.

Question 27

What are the lobes of the thyroid gland?

Réponse

Right lobe, left lobe, pyramidal lobe, isthmus.

Question 28

What does the radioimmunoassay of T4 and T3 measure?

Réponse

Protein-bound iodine (PBI) in the blood.

Question 29

What can cause falsely low results in thyroid function tests?

Réponse

Low albumin or phenytoin use.

Question 30

What should be avoided before testing T4 and T3?

Réponse

Iodine-based contrast studies or large doses of cough medicine with iodide.

Question 31

What does the radioactive iodine uptake test measure?

Réponse

Thyroid iodine uptake after swallowing radioactive iodine.

Question 32

What does low uptake in the radioactive iodine uptake test suggest?

Réponse

Hypothyroidism.

Question 33

What is congenital hypothyroidism characterized by?

Réponse

Decreased T4 and T3.

Question 34

What are symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism?

Réponse

Excessive sleep, respiratory difficulty, poor sucking, prolonged jaundice, brittle hair.

Question 35

What is acquired hypothyroidism commonly known as?

Réponse

Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Question 36

What causes acquired hypothyroidism?

Réponse

Autoimmune phenomenon that interferes with thyroid production.

Question 37

What are symptoms of acquired hypothyroidism?

Réponse

Hypertrophy, body growth impairment, obesity, lethargy, delayed sexual development.

Question 38

What is hyperthyroidism also known as?

Réponse

Graves disease.

Question 39

What is the adrenal gland responsible for?

Réponse

Protecting the body against acute and chronic stress.

Question 40

What hormones does the adrenal gland produce?

Réponse

Cortisol, androgen, and aldosterone.

Question 41

What is acute adrenocortical insufficiency?

Réponse

Hypofunction of the adrenal gland.

Question 42

What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

Réponse

An inherited condition that prevents cortisol synthesis.

Question 43

What happens in the salt-losing form of congenital adrenogenital hyperplasia?

Réponse

Cortisol formation is blocked, leading to fluid loss.

Question 44

What is Cushing syndrome characterized by?

Réponse

Overproduction of cortisol.

Question 45

What is the pancreas essential for?

Réponse

Carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 46

What is type 1 diabetes mellitus characterized by?

Réponse

Decreased insulin production.

Question 47

What happens during the honeymoon period of diabetes?

Réponse

Little or no insulin is needed temporarily.

Question 48

What is pancreas transplantation considered for?

Réponse

Children with severe kidney disease or arteriosclerosis.

Question 49

What is type 2 diabetes in children associated with?

Réponse

Obesity, poor diet, lack of exercise, and family history.

Question 50

What do the parathyroid glands regulate?

Réponse

Serum levels of calcium.

Question 51

What is hypocalcemia?

Réponse

A lowered blood calcium level.

Question 52

What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Réponse

A metabolic disease caused by the lack of an enzyme to convert phenylalanine.

Question 53

What are symptoms of PKU?

Réponse

Poor growth, seizures, eczema, musty urine odor.

Question 54

What is maple syrup urine disease caused by?

Réponse

A defect in the metabolism of leucine, isoleucine, and valine.

Question 55

What is galactosemia characterized by?

Réponse

Abnormal amounts of galactose in the blood and urine.

Question 56

What is glycogen storage disease?

Réponse

Inherited disorders affecting glycogen metabolism.

Question 57

What is Tay-Sachs disease?

Réponse

An autosomal recessive disorder affecting lipid metabolism.

Question 58

What is the key feature of Sturge-Weber syndrome?

Réponse

Congenital port-wine stain on the upper face.

Question 59

What is the most common form of acquired hypothyroidism in childhood?

Réponse

Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Question 60

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

Réponse

Spastic type.

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