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What is the general overview of amoebas?
Amoebas are classified under the subphylum Sarcodina and utilize pseudopodia for movement.
What are the life cycle stages of amoebas?
The life cycle stages include the cyst stage and the trophozoite stage.
Which amoeba is pathogenic?
Entamoeba histolytica is the only amoebic pathogen that causes significant disease.
Where do most amoebas inhabit?
All amoebas inhabit the intestine except for E. gingivalis.
Which amoeba does not have a trophozoite stage?
E. gingivalis does not have a trophozoite stage.
What is the function of the cyst form of amoebas?
The cyst form is a non-feeding, protective stage.
How does the trophozoite form of amoebas differ from the cyst form?
The trophozoite is a feeding, multiplying, and motile form, while the cyst is non-motile.
What is the diagnostic stage for Entamoeba histolytica?
Both the cyst and trophozoite forms serve as the diagnostic stage.
What type of staining is used to identify amoebas?
Iodine staining is used to identify amoebas.
What is the primary laboratory tool for showing trophozoite motility?
Saline wet preparation is used to show trophozoite motility.
What is the purpose of the iodine wet prep?
Iodine wet prep reveals internal structures of amoebas.
What is the infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica?
The infective stage is the cyst.
What are the clinical symptoms of Entamoeba histolytica infection?
Symptoms include asymptomatic carrier state, amoebic colitis, and amoebic dysentery.
How can Entamoeba histolytica be transmitted?
Transmission occurs through ingestion of cysts.
What is the treatment for Entamoeba histolytica infection?
Metronidazole is used for treatment.
What distinguishes Entamoeba dispar from Entamoeba histolytica?
Entamoeba dispar is non-pathogenic and morphologically similar but lacks ingested RBCs.
What is the habitat of Endolimax nana?
Endolimax nana is found in the intestine.
Which amoeba is known for having no cyst stage?
Entamoeba gingivalis is known for having no cyst stage.
What is the primary disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?
Naegleria fowleri causes Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM).
What is the mode of transmission for Naegleria fowleri?
Transmission occurs through inhalation of contaminated water.
What is the primary disease caused by Acanthamoeba spp.?
Acanthamoeba spp. can cause Granular Amoebic Encephalitis.
What is the infective stage of Acanthamoeba spp.?
The infective stage is the amoeboid and flagellated forms.
What is the primary disease caused by Giardia intestinalis?
Giardia intestinalis causes giardiasis.
What is the infective stage of Giardia intestinalis?
The infective stage is the cyst.
What are the clinical symptoms of giardiasis?
Symptoms include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and malabsorption syndrome.
What is the treatment for giardiasis?
Metronidazole is the treatment for giardiasis.
What is the habitat of Neobalantidium coli?
Neobalantidium coli inhabits the large intestine.
What is the mode of transmission for Neobalantidium coli?
Transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route.
What disease does Neobalantidium coli cause?
Neobalantidium coli causes balantidiasis.
What is the diagnostic stage for Neobalantidium coli?
Both the trophozoite and cyst are diagnostic stages.
What is the infective stage of Paragonimus westermani?
The infective stage is the metacercaria.
What is the primary host for Clonorchis sinensis?
The final host for Clonorchis sinensis is humans.
What is the mode of transmission for Fasciola hepatica?
Transmission occurs through ingestion of infected aquatic plants.
What is the treatment for Fasciola hepatica infection?
Praziquantel and bithionol are used for treatment.
What is the diagnostic stage for Schistosoma mansoni?
The diagnostic stage is the ova.
What is the infective stage for Schistosoma japonicum?
The infective stage is the cercaria.
What is the primary disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium?
Schistosoma haematobium causes urinary bilharziasis.
What is the mode of transmission for Echinococcus granulosus?
Transmission occurs through ingestion of eggs.
What is the treatment for Echinococcus granulosus infection?
Treatment includes albendazole, mebendazole, and surgical removal of cysts.
What is the infective stage of Trichinella spiralis?
The infective stage is the encysted larvae.
What disease does Trichinella spiralis cause?
Trichinella spiralis causes trichinosis.
What is the primary host for Strongyloides stercoralis?
The final host for Strongyloides stercoralis is humans.
What is the diagnostic stage for Strongyloides stercoralis?
The diagnostic stage is the rhabditiform larvae.
What is the treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis infection?
Ivermectin and albendazole are used for treatment.
What is the infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis?
The infective stage is the embryonated eggs.
What disease does Enterobius vermicularis cause?
Enterobius vermicularis causes enterobiasis.
What is the mode of transmission for Ascaris lumbricoides?
Transmission occurs through ingestion of embryonated eggs.
What is the diagnostic stage for Ascaris lumbricoides?
The diagnostic stage is the unembryonated eggs.
What is the treatment for Ascaris lumbricoides infection?
Albendazole and mebendazole are used for treatment.
What is the infective stage of Ancylostoma duodenale?
The infective stage is the filariform larvae.
What disease does Ancylostoma duodenale cause?
Ancylostoma duodenale causes ancylostomiasis.
What is the mode of transmission for Necator americanus?
Transmission occurs through direct skin penetration.
What is the diagnostic stage for Necator americanus?
The diagnostic stage is the eggs or rhabditiform larvae.
What is the treatment for Necator americanus infection?
Albendazole and mebendazole are used for treatment.
What is the infective stage of Dracunculus medinensis?
The infective stage is the larvae inside copepods.
What disease does Dracunculus medinensis cause?
Dracunculus medinensis causes dracunculiasis.
What is the mode of transmission for Wuchereria bancrofti?
Transmission occurs through the bite of infected arthropods.
What is the diagnostic stage for Wuchereria bancrofti?
The diagnostic stage is the microfilariae.
What is the treatment for Wuchereria bancrofti infection?
Diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin are used for treatment.
What is the infective stage of Onchocerca volvulus?
The infective stage is the filariform larvae.
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