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What is the Plan B dosage based on weight?
75 mls/kg.
How is the ORS administered in Plan B?
Over 4 hours.
What patient condition involves a stiff neck and bulging fontanelle?
Probable meningitis.
What is the first treatment for probable meningitis?
Ceftriaxone.
What should be done if CSF test results are normal?
No meningitis is indicated.
What is indicated for possible meningitis?
Ceftriaxone and senior review.
What age group is indicated for treating diarrhoea/gastroenteritis?
Age ≥ 1 month excluding severe malnutrition.
What signifies hypovolaemic shock from dehydration?
All four criteria including weak pulse and AVPU < A.
What are the signs of severe dehydration?
Unable to drink or AVPU < A plus specific symptoms.
What is the initial bolus for severe dehydration?
IV/IO Ringer's lactate 20mls/kg over 15 minutes.
What should be done if the patient remains in shock after the first bolus?
Administer a second bolus before proceeding.
What treatment is required for hypoglycaemia?
Treat for hypoglycaemia.
When should blood transfusion be considered?
If Hb < 5g/dl and severe pallor is present.
What is the dosage of IV Ringer's Lactate for Plan C Step 1?
30mls/kg.
How long should IV Ringer's Lactate be administered if age is ≥ 12 months?
Over 30 minutes.
What is the administration time for those under 12 months in Plan C Step 1?
Over 60 minutes.
What is the IV Ringer's Lactate dosage in Plan C Step 2 for those over 12 months?
70ml/kg.
What is the administration duration for Plan C Step 2 under 12 months?
Over 5 hours.
What is the oral rehydration solution (ORS) dosage if IV is not possible?
120mls/kg over 6 hours via NGT.
How often should reassessment occur after treatment?
At least hourly.
What characterizes some dehydration?
Able to drink with specific symptoms.
What treatment is used for no dehydration?
ORS by mouth at 75mls/kg over 4 hours.
What should be done after the initial 4 hours of treatment?
Reassess and classify accordingly.
What should be done for diarrhoea but not enough signs of dehydration?
Continue breastfeeding as tolerated.
What is Plan A for treating loose stools?
10mls/kg ORS after each loose stool.
What is recommended for feeding if the child is over 6 months?
Encourage feeding.
What nutrient should all cases receive?
Zinc.
When are antimicrobials indicated?
In cases of dysentery or proven amoebiasis or giardiasis.
What condition can present with cold hands and a temperature gradient?
Hypovolaemic shock.
What clinical sign indicates slow skin pinch?
It is defined as taking more than 2 seconds.
What is a sign of severe dehydration in children?
Sunken eyes.
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive.
What physical examination method can assess hydration status?
Skin pinch test.
What is an indication of mild dehydration?
Skin pinch lasting 1-2 seconds.
What should be confirmed before IV treatment?
Ability to drink or AVPU status.
What is the treatment for a patient unable to drink?
IV fluids as per protocol.
What is the role of reassessment after treatment?
To correctly classify dehydration status.
What does the '+' in the LP results indicate?
It indicates a positive finding in the examination.
What consists of a full assessment for dehydration?
History and physical signs.
What protocol requires a second bolus?
Plan C for severe dehydration.
What can indicate a hypoglycaemic crisis in dehydration?
Altered AVPU status.
How often can a bolus be repeated during severe dehydration?
A second bolus may be given if still in shock.
What indicates that a child should be closely monitored during treatment?
Presence of severe dehydration signs.
What does the term 'clear CSF' imply in diagnosis?
It is indicative of no infection.
What can be added to treatment in suspected infections?
Antibiotics like Ceftriaxone.
What condition requires urgent referral in suspected meningitis?
Positive findings in LP or concerning symptoms.
What classification applies if there are symptoms but CSF is clear?
Possible meningitis.
What symptom might suggest some dehydration?
Restlessness or irritability.
What does a capillary refill time of >3 seconds mean?
It typically indicates significant dehydration.
What is a child classified as if they have no dehydration?
They can take ORS orally without complications.
What additional care should be offered to infants?
Breastfeeding should continue.
What aspect of hydration should be reassessed hourly?
Signs and symptoms of dehydration.
What indicates sufficient hydration in children?
Adequate ability to drink fluids.
What procedure should be followed for children under 12 months in dehydration?
Prolonged IV fluid administration as per age.
What should remain a priority in paediatric care with diarrhoea?
Ensuring adequate hydration.
What indicates a requirement for ORS over IV treatment?
Mild dehydration with adequate drink ability.
What feature of Plan B involves oral rehydration?
ORS administered over a specified duration.
What is a key educational component for caregivers during gastrointestinal illnesses?
Teach them about signs of dehydration.
What is essential in the early signs of gastroenteritis?
Prompt rehydration attempts.
What is necessary to confirm absence of serious illness after treatment?
Careful monitoring and reassessment.
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