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Pediatrics - Diarrhea

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Parcourir PediatricsParcourir le domaine HealthouExplorer tous les domaines
60 questions
May 22, 2025

Question 1

What is the Plan B dosage based on weight?

Réponse

75 mls/kg.

Question 2

How is the ORS administered in Plan B?

Réponse

Over 4 hours.

Question 3

What patient condition involves a stiff neck and bulging fontanelle?

Réponse

Probable meningitis.

Question 4

What is the first treatment for probable meningitis?

Réponse

Ceftriaxone.

Question 5

What should be done if CSF test results are normal?

Réponse

No meningitis is indicated.

Question 6

What is indicated for possible meningitis?

Réponse

Ceftriaxone and senior review.

Question 7

What age group is indicated for treating diarrhoea/gastroenteritis?

Réponse

Age ≥ 1 month excluding severe malnutrition.

Question 8

What signifies hypovolaemic shock from dehydration?

Réponse

All four criteria including weak pulse and AVPU < A.

Question 9

What are the signs of severe dehydration?

Réponse

Unable to drink or AVPU < A plus specific symptoms.

Question 10

What is the initial bolus for severe dehydration?

Réponse

IV/IO Ringer's lactate 20mls/kg over 15 minutes.

Question 11

What should be done if the patient remains in shock after the first bolus?

Réponse

Administer a second bolus before proceeding.

Question 12

What treatment is required for hypoglycaemia?

Réponse

Treat for hypoglycaemia.

Question 13

When should blood transfusion be considered?

Réponse

If Hb < 5g/dl and severe pallor is present.

Question 14

What is the dosage of IV Ringer's Lactate for Plan C Step 1?

Réponse

30mls/kg.

Question 15

How long should IV Ringer's Lactate be administered if age is ≥ 12 months?

Réponse

Over 30 minutes.

Question 16

What is the administration time for those under 12 months in Plan C Step 1?

Réponse

Over 60 minutes.

Question 17

What is the IV Ringer's Lactate dosage in Plan C Step 2 for those over 12 months?

Réponse

70ml/kg.

Question 18

What is the administration duration for Plan C Step 2 under 12 months?

Réponse

Over 5 hours.

Question 19

What is the oral rehydration solution (ORS) dosage if IV is not possible?

Réponse

120mls/kg over 6 hours via NGT.

Question 20

How often should reassessment occur after treatment?

Réponse

At least hourly.

Question 21

What characterizes some dehydration?

Réponse

Able to drink with specific symptoms.

Question 22

What treatment is used for no dehydration?

Réponse

ORS by mouth at 75mls/kg over 4 hours.

Question 23

What should be done after the initial 4 hours of treatment?

Réponse

Reassess and classify accordingly.

Question 24

What should be done for diarrhoea but not enough signs of dehydration?

Réponse

Continue breastfeeding as tolerated.

Question 25

What is Plan A for treating loose stools?

Réponse

10mls/kg ORS after each loose stool.

Question 26

What is recommended for feeding if the child is over 6 months?

Réponse

Encourage feeding.

Question 27

What nutrient should all cases receive?

Réponse

Zinc.

Question 28

When are antimicrobials indicated?

Réponse

In cases of dysentery or proven amoebiasis or giardiasis.

Question 29

What condition can present with cold hands and a temperature gradient?

Réponse

Hypovolaemic shock.

Question 30

What clinical sign indicates slow skin pinch?

Réponse

It is defined as taking more than 2 seconds.

Question 31

What is a sign of severe dehydration in children?

Réponse

Sunken eyes.

Question 32

What does AVPU stand for?

Réponse

Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive.

Question 33

What physical examination method can assess hydration status?

Réponse

Skin pinch test.

Question 34

What is an indication of mild dehydration?

Réponse

Skin pinch lasting 1-2 seconds.

Question 35

What should be confirmed before IV treatment?

Réponse

Ability to drink or AVPU status.

Question 36

What is the treatment for a patient unable to drink?

Réponse

IV fluids as per protocol.

Question 37

What is the role of reassessment after treatment?

Réponse

To correctly classify dehydration status.

Question 38

What does the '+' in the LP results indicate?

Réponse

It indicates a positive finding in the examination.

Question 39

What consists of a full assessment for dehydration?

Réponse

History and physical signs.

Question 40

What protocol requires a second bolus?

Réponse

Plan C for severe dehydration.

Question 41

What can indicate a hypoglycaemic crisis in dehydration?

Réponse

Altered AVPU status.

Question 42

How often can a bolus be repeated during severe dehydration?

Réponse

A second bolus may be given if still in shock.

Question 43

What indicates that a child should be closely monitored during treatment?

Réponse

Presence of severe dehydration signs.

Question 44

What does the term 'clear CSF' imply in diagnosis?

Réponse

It is indicative of no infection.

Question 45

What can be added to treatment in suspected infections?

Réponse

Antibiotics like Ceftriaxone.

Question 46

What condition requires urgent referral in suspected meningitis?

Réponse

Positive findings in LP or concerning symptoms.

Question 47

What classification applies if there are symptoms but CSF is clear?

Réponse

Possible meningitis.

Question 48

What symptom might suggest some dehydration?

Réponse

Restlessness or irritability.

Question 49

What does a capillary refill time of >3 seconds mean?

Réponse

It typically indicates significant dehydration.

Question 50

What is a child classified as if they have no dehydration?

Réponse

They can take ORS orally without complications.

Question 51

What additional care should be offered to infants?

Réponse

Breastfeeding should continue.

Question 52

What aspect of hydration should be reassessed hourly?

Réponse

Signs and symptoms of dehydration.

Question 53

What indicates sufficient hydration in children?

Réponse

Adequate ability to drink fluids.

Question 54

What procedure should be followed for children under 12 months in dehydration?

Réponse

Prolonged IV fluid administration as per age.

Question 55

What should remain a priority in paediatric care with diarrhoea?

Réponse

Ensuring adequate hydration.

Question 56

What indicates a requirement for ORS over IV treatment?

Réponse

Mild dehydration with adequate drink ability.

Question 57

What feature of Plan B involves oral rehydration?

Réponse

ORS administered over a specified duration.

Question 58

What is a key educational component for caregivers during gastrointestinal illnesses?

Réponse

Teach them about signs of dehydration.

Question 59

What is essential in the early signs of gastroenteritis?

Réponse

Prompt rehydration attempts.

Question 60

What is necessary to confirm absence of serious illness after treatment?

Réponse

Careful monitoring and reassessment.

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